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    Klein Bottle

    Illustration

    Illustration

    Definition

    The Klein bottle is a closed nonorientable surface of Euler characteristic 0 that has no inside or outside, originally described by Felix Klein. It can be constructed by gluing both pairs of opposite edges of a rectangle together giving one pair a half-twist, but can be physically realized only in four dimensions, since it must pass through itself without the presence of a hole. Its topology is equivalent to a pair of cross-caps with coinciding boundaries. It can be represented by connecting the side of a square in the orientations illustrated in the right figure above (Gardner 1984, pp. 15-17; Gray 1997, pp. 323-324).

    Associated person

    Felix Klein

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