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    Congruum Problem

    Definition

    Find a square number x^2 such that, when a given integer h is added or subtracted, new square numbers are obtained so that x^2 + h = a^2 and x^2 - h = b^2. This problem was posed by the mathematicians Théodore and Jean de Palerma in a mathematical tournament organized by Frederick II in Pisa in 1225. The solution is x | = | m^2 + n^2 h | = | 4m n(m^2 - n^2), where m and n are integers. a

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