Pauli sigma matrix | Pauli spin matrices

The Pauli matrices, also called the Pauli spin matrices, are complex matrices that arise in Pauli's treatment of spin in quantum mechanics. They are defined by σ_1 | = | σ_x congruent P_1 congruent [ 0 | 1 1 | 0] σ_2 | = | σ_y congruent P_2 congruent [ 0 | - i i | 0] σ_3 | = | σ_z congruent P_3 congruent [ 1 | 0 0 | -1] (Condon and Morse 1929, p. 213; Gasiorowicz 1974, p. 232; Goldstein 1980, p. 156; Liboff 1980, p. 453; Arfken 1985, p. 211; Griffiths 1987, p. 115, p. 204; Landau 1996, p. 224).

Dirac matrices | quaternion